and the Supreme Court found that their means of discrimination were Constitutional. With respect to the 14th amendment the Supreme Court ruled that it "did not add to the privileges and immunities of a citizen. It simply furnished an additional guaranty for the protection of such as he already had." So, if the states already had laws on the books that defined "citizens" as "white males," then the 14th amendment did not extend that definition to include minorities and women. Further, it hadn't been clear up until that point whether suffrage itself is a Constitutionally guaranteed right. In fact, the Court cited the 15th Amendment as "proof" that extra protection was needed to allow suffrage for all races. ( MINOR v. HAPPERSETT, 88 U.S. 162 (1874)
But the 15th Amendment did not cover gender...thus the 19th, which did not happen until the 20th Century...and with respect to other laws, etc, while states were no longer able, per the 15th Amendment, to have election laws that limited voting to "white males," they were still able to limit and effectively prevent black voting by establishing literacy standards, maintaining the Poll Tax, etc.